ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»çÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡
¡ß1. ÁÖ¾î¿Í beµ¿»çÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡
¿µ¾î¿¡¼ ¹®ÀåÀ» ¸¸µé ¶§, ÁÖ¾î(´©°¡)¿Í µ¿»ç(¹«¾ùÀ» ÇÏ´Ù)´Â ¼ö(´Ü¼ö/º¹¼ö)¿Í ÀÎĪ(1ÀÎĪ, 2ÀÎĪ, 3ÀÎĪ)¿¡ µû¶ó ÇüŰ¡ ÀÏÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
beµ¿»ç(am, is, are, was, were)´Â Á־ µû¶ó ¹Ýµå½Ã ÇüŰ¡ ´Þ¶óÁý´Ï´Ù. À̸¦ ¹«½ÃÇÏ¸é ¹®¹ý ¿À·ù°¡ »ý±é´Ï´Ù.
ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦¿¡¼ÀÇ beµ¿»ç
I ¡æ am
You / We / They ¡æ are
He / She / It / ´Ü¼ö¸í»ç ¡æ is
¿¹¹®:
I am happy.
You are my friend.
She is at home.
The dog is hungry.
We are ready.
They are students.
°ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¿¡¼ÀÇ beµ¿»ç
I / He / She / It / ´Ü¼ö¸í»ç ¡æ was
You / We / They / º¹¼ö¸í»ç ¡æ were
¿¹¹®:
I was tired.
He was late.
We were busy.
They were at school.
ÁÖÀÇÇÒ Á¡
--»ç¶÷ ¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó µ¿»ç°¡ ´Þ¶óÁø´Ù.
--beµ¿»ç´Â Á¸Àç/»óÅÂ/½ÅºÐÀ» ¸»ÇÒ ¶§ ÀÚÁÖ »ç¿ëµÈ´Ù.
¡ß2. ÁÖ¾î¿Í ÀϹݵ¿»çÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡
ÀϹݵ¿»çµµ Á־ µû¶ó ÇüŰ¡ ´Þ¶óÁý´Ï´Ù. ƯÈ÷ ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦¿¡¼ 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö ÁÖ¾î(he, she, it)ÀÏ ¶§ µ¿»ç¿¡ -s, -es¸¦ ºÙÀÌ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÇÙ½ÉÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦¿¡¼ÀÇ ÀϹݵ¿»ç
I / You / We / They ¡æ µ¿»ç ¿øÇü
He / She / It / ´Ü¼ö¸í»ç ¡æ µ¿»ç + s / es
¿¹¹®:
I play the piano.
You like coffee.
She plays the piano.
He likes coffee.
The baby cries a lot.
ÁÖÀÇÇÒ Á¡
--3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÀÏ ¶§¸¸ µ¿»ç¿¡ -s ¶Ç´Â -es¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
--³¡ÀÌ -ch, -sh, -x, -o, -ssÀÎ µ¿»ç´Â -es¸¦ ºÙÀδÙ.
(¿¹: watches, washes, fixes, goes, kisses)
°ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¿¡¼´Â?
°ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦´Â Á־ ´©±¸µçÁö »ó°ü¾øÀÌ µ¿»ç¿¡ -ed¸¦ ºÙÀÌ´Â ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌ ´ëºÎºÐÀÔ´Ï´Ù. (ºÒ±ÔÄ¢ µ¿»ç´Â ÇüÅ ¾Ï±â ÇÊ¿ä)
¿¹¹®:
I watched a movie.
He watched a movie.
They watched a movie.
She went to school. (ºÒ±ÔÄ¢)
¡ß°ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¿Í ¹Ì·¡ ½ÃÁ¦´Â Á־ µû¶ó µ¿»ç°¡ ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù
¿µ¾î¿¡¼ ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦´Â ÁÖ¾î(ƯÈ÷ 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼ö)¿¡ µû¶ó µ¿»çÀÇ ÇüŰ¡ ´Þ¶óÁö±â ¶§¹®¿¡ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»çÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ ½Å°æ ½á¾ß ÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
´Ü¼ø °ú°Å(Simple Past)¿Í ´Ü¼ø ¹Ì·¡(Simple Future)¿¡¼´Â Á־ ´Ü¼öµç º¹¼öµç, µ¿»ç ÇüŰ¡ ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
´Ü¼ø ¹Ì·¡ ½ÃÁ¦ (will + µ¿»ç ¿øÇü)
´Ü¼ö ÁÖ¾îµç º¹¼ö ÁÖ¾îµç ¸ðµÎ will + µ¿»ç ¿øÇüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
My friends will arrive soon.
(³» Ä£±¸µéÀÌ °ð µµÂøÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
My friend will arrive soon.
(³» Ä£±¸°¡ °ð µµÂøÇÒ °ÍÀÌ´Ù.)
¡æ Á־ º¹¼ö(my friends)µç ´Ü¼ö(my friend)µç will arrive´Â µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.
´Ü¼ø °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦ (µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇü)
°ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¿¡¼µµ Á־ ´©±¸µçÁö µ¿»çÀÇ °ú°ÅÇüÀ» »ç¿ëÇϸç, Á־ µû¶ó µ¿»ç ÇüŰ¡ ¹Ù²îÁö ¾Ê½À´Ï´Ù.
The children played outside all day.
(¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ÇÏ·ç Á¾ÀÏ ¹Û¿¡¼ ³î¾Ò´Ù.)
The child played outside all day.
(±× ¾ÆÀ̰¡ ÇÏ·ç Á¾ÀÏ ¹Û¿¡¼ ³î¾Ò´Ù.)
¡æ played´Â ´Ü¼öµç º¹¼öµç ±×´ë·Î »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.
¶Ç ´Ù¸¥ ¿¹¹®:
The cats slept on the sofa.
(°í¾çÀ̵éÀÌ ¼ÒÆÄ¿¡¼ Àä´Ù.)
The cat slept on the sofa.
(°í¾çÀ̰¡ ¼ÒÆÄ¿¡¼ Àä´Ù.)
¡æ sleptµµ µ¿ÀÏÇÏ°Ô »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.
❗ ¿¹¿Ü: beµ¿»ç
´Ü¼ø °ú°Å ½ÃÁ¦¿¡¼ beµ¿»ç(was/were)´Â Á־ µû¶ó ÇüŰ¡ ¹Ù²ò´Ï´Ù. ÀÌ°Ç ¹Ýµå½Ã ±â¾ïÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ¿¹¿ÜÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
I was tired yesterday.
(³ª´Â ¾îÁ¦ ÇǰïÇß´Ù.)
We were tired yesterday.
(¿ì¸®´Â ¾îÁ¦ ÇǰïÇß´Ù.)
¡æ was´Â ´Ü¼ö ÁÖ¾î(I, he, she, it µî), were´Â º¹¼ö ÁÖ¾î(we, you, they µî)¿¡ »ç¿ëµË´Ï´Ù.
¡ß ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦¿¡¼´Â ÁÖ¾î ¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó Á¶µ¿»ç(has/have)°¡ ¹Ù²ñ
ÇöÀç¿Ï·á ½ÃÁ¦(have/has + °ú°ÅºÐ»ç)¿¡¼´Â Á־ ´Ü¼öÀÎÁö º¹¼öÀÎÁö¿¡ µû¶ó Á¶µ¿»ç(has/have)°¡ ´Þ¶óÁý´Ï´Ù.
She has eaten lunch already.
(±×³à´Â ÀÌ¹Ì Á¡½ÉÀ» ¸Ô¾ú´Ù.)
¡æ ´Ü¼ö ÁÖ¾î(she) ¡æ has
They have eaten lunch already.
(±×µéÀº ÀÌ¹Ì Á¡½ÉÀ» ¸Ô¾ú´Ù.)
¡æ º¹¼ö ÁÖ¾î(they) ¡æ have
My brother has finished his homework.
(³» ³²µ¿»ýÀº ¼÷Á¦¸¦ ³¡³Â´Ù.)
My brothers have finished their homework.
(³» ³²µ¿»ýµéÀº ¼÷Á¦¸¦ ³¡³Â´Ù.)
¡ß ÁÖÀÇÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»çÀÇ ¼ö ÀÏÄ¡
¿µ¾î¿¡¼ ÁÖ¾î¿Í µ¿»çÀÇ ÀÏÄ¡´Â ±âº»ÀûÀ¸·Î °£´ÜÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ´ëºÎºÐÀº ÁÖ¾îÀÇ ÀÎΰú ¼ö¿¡ µû¶ó µ¿»çÀÇ ÇüŰ¡ °áÁ¤µÇ¸ç, ƯÈ÷ ÇöÀç ½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ 3ÀÎĪ ´Ü¼öÀÏ ¶§ µ¿»ç¿¡ -s°¡ ºÙ´Â °ÍÀ» À¯ÀÇÇÏ¸é µË´Ï´Ù.
±×·¯³ª ½ÇÁ¦ ¹®Àå¿¡¼ Á־ ´Ü¼öÀÎÁö º¹¼öÀÎÁö ¸ðÈ£ÇÑ °æ¿ì°¡ ¸¹¾Æ, ¼ö ÀÏÄ¡¸¦ Çò°¥¸®±â ½±½À´Ï´Ù. ¾Æ·¡ÀÇ °æ¿ìµéÀ» Àß ÀÍÇôµÎ¸é Á¤È®ÇÑ ¹®Àå ±¸¼ºÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
1. and·Î ¿¬°áµÈ ÁÖ¾î´Â º¹¼ö·Î º»´Ù
µÎ °³ ÀÌ»óÀÇ Á־ ¡®and¡¯·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¸é º¹¼ö·Î °£ÁÖµÇ¾î º¹¼ö µ¿»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
My sister and I are planning a trip.
(³» ¿©µ¿»ý°ú ³ª´Â ¿©ÇàÀ» °èȹ ÁßÀÌ´Ù.)
The teacher and the students have left the room.
(¼±»ý´Ô°ú ÇлýµéÀº ¹æÀ» ¶°³µ´Ù.)
¡Ø ´Ü, and·Î ¿¬°áµÈ ºÎºÐÀÌ ÇϳªÀÇ °³³äÀÏ °æ¿ì¿¡´Â ´Ü¼ö·Î °£ÁÖÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Spaghetti and meatballs is my favorite dish.
(½ºÆÄ°ÔƼ¿Í ¹ÌÆ®º¼Àº ³»°¡ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â À½½ÄÀÌ´Ù.)
Time and effort is needed to master this skill.
(ÀÌ ±â¼úÀ» ÀÍÈ÷·Á¸é ½Ã°£°ú ³ë·ÂÀÌ ÇÊ¿äÇÏ´Ù.)
2. and·Î ¿¬°áµÈ ¼ö½Ä¾î´Â º¹¼ö ¾Æ´Ô
Á־ ´Ü¼ö ¸í»çÀε¥, ±× ¾Õ¿¡ Çü¿ë»ç°¡ and·Î À̾îÁ® À־ ÁÖ¾î´Â ¿©ÀüÈ÷ ´Ü¼öÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Áï, ¼ö½Ä¾î°¡ and·Î ¿¬°áµÇ¾ú´Ù°í ÇØµµ µ¿»ç´Â ´Ü¼öÇüÀ» »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Long and curly hair is trendy this year.
(±æ°í °ö½½°Å¸®´Â ¸Ó¸®°¡ ¿ÃÇØ À¯ÇàÀÌ´Ù.)
A hot and sunny day is perfect for a picnic.
(´þ°í ÈâÇÑ ³¯Àº ¼Òdz¿¡ µü ÁÁ´Ù.)
3. or, either A or B, neither A nor B ±¸Á¶
ÀÌ °æ¿ì ¡®°¡±î¿î Á־¿¡ µû¶ó µ¿»çÀÇ ¼ö¸¦ ÀÏÄ¡½Ãŵ´Ï´Ù.
Áï, or·Î ¿¬°áµÈ ÁÖ¾î Áß µÚ¿¡ ¿À´Â Á־ µû¶ó µ¿»çÀÇ ÇüŰ¡ °áÁ¤µË´Ï´Ù.
Either my brother or my parents are at home.
(³» ³²µ¿»ýÀ̳ª ºÎ¸ð´Ô Áß ´©±º°¡´Â Áý¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.)
¡æ parents°¡ º¹¼öÀ̹ǷΠare
Either my parents or my brother is at home.
¡æ brother°¡ ´Ü¼öÀ̹ǷΠis
Neither the manager nor the employees have arrived.
¡æ employees°¡ º¹¼öÀ̹ǷΠhave
Neither the books nor the pen is on the desk.
¡æ penÀÌ ´Ü¼öÀ̹ǷΠis
4. every, each, everyone, everybody µî
ÀÌ ´Ü¾îµéÀº ¸ðµÎ ´Ü¼ö ÁÖ¾î·Î °£ÁֵǹǷΠ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù.
Everyone in the class knows the answer.
(¹Ý¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¸ðµç »ç¶÷ÀÌ Á¤´äÀ» ¾Ë°í ÀÖ´Ù.)
Each of the players has a locker.
(°¢ ¼±¼ö¸¶´Ù »ç¹°ÇÔÀÌ Çϳª¾¿ ÀÖ´Ù.)
Every child in the group enjoys singing.
(±×·ìÀÇ ¸ðµç ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ ³ë·¡ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» Áñ±ä´Ù.)
Every one of the gifts was wrapped beautifully.
(¸ðµç ¼±¹° ÇϳªÇϳª°¡ ¿¹»Ú°Ô Æ÷ÀåµÇ¾ú´Ù.)
5. ¼öÀÇ °è»ê Ç¥ÇöÀº ´Ü¼ö·Î º»´Ù
¼öÇÐÀû Ç¥Çö¿¡¼ µÎ ¼ö¸¦ ´õÇϰųª ³ª´©´Â °æ¿ì, ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ´Ü¼ö µ¿»ç¸¦ »ç¿ëÇÕ´Ï´Ù. ÇϳªÀÇ °á°ú°ªÀ» ÀǹÌÇϱ⠶§¹®ÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
Five and three is eight.
(5 + 3 = 8)
Ten divided by two makes five.
(10 ¡À 2 = 5)
One plus one equals two.
(1 + 1 = 2)