»ç¿ªµ¿»ç ¼öµ¿Å & Áö°¢µ¿»ç ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
1. »ç¿ªµ¿»ç¶õ ¹«¾ùÀϱî?
»ç¿ªµ¿»ç(Causative verb)´Â ¸» ±×´ë·Î "½ÃÄѼ ~ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù"ÀÇ Àǹ̸¦ °¡Áø µ¿»çÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
´ëÇ¥ÀûÀÎ »ç¿ªµ¿»ç¿¡´Â make, have, letÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
make + ¸ñÀû¾î + µ¿»ç¿øÇü ¡æ ~¸¦ ½ÃÄѼ ~ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù
have + ¸ñÀû¾î + µ¿»ç¿øÇü ¡æ ~¿¡°Ô ~ÇÏ°Ô ÇÏ´Ù
let + ¸ñÀû¾î + µ¿»ç¿øÇü ¡æ ~°¡ ~ÇÏ°Ô Çã¶ôÇÏ´Ù
The teacher made the students study.
(¼±»ý´ÔÀº Çлýµé¿¡°Ô °øºÎÇÏ°Ô Çß´Ù.)
I had my brother fix my bike.
(³ª´Â ³» µ¿»ý¿¡°Ô ÀÚÀü°Å¸¦ °íÄ¡°Ô Çß´Ù.)
She let her child play outside.
(±×³à´Â ¾ÆÀ̰¡ ¹Û¿¡¼ ³î°Ô Çß´Ù.)
2. »ç¿ªµ¿»çÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
»ç¿ªµ¿»ç°¡ ¼öµ¿Å·Π¹Ù²î¸é ±¸Á¶°¡ Á¶±Ý ´Þ¶óÁý´Ï´Ù.
(1) make ¡æ be made to + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
¼öµ¿Å°¡ µÇ¸é to°¡ ºÙ½À´Ï´Ù.
Active: The teacher made the students clean the classroom.
(¼±»ý´ÔÀº Çлýµé¿¡°Ô ±³½ÇÀ» û¼ÒÇÏ°Ô Çß´Ù.)
Passive: The students were made to clean the classroom.
(ÇлýµéÀº ±³½ÇÀ» û¼ÒÇÏ°Ô µÇ¾ú´Ù / û¼ÒÇϵµ·Ï ½ÃÄ×´Ù.)
(2) let ¡æ be allowed to + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
letÀÇ °æ¿ì ¼öµ¿Å°¡ µÇ¸é be allowed to·Î ¹Ù²ò´Ï´Ù.
Active: The teacher let the students use the library.
(¼±»ý´ÔÀº ÇлýµéÀÌ µµ¼°üÀ» »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï Çã¶ôÇß´Ù.)
Passive: The students were allowed to use the library.
(ÇлýµéÀº µµ¼°üÀ» »ç¿ëÇϵµ·Ï Çã¶ô¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.)
(3) have ¡æ be had to + µ¿»ç¿øÇü (°ÅÀÇ ¾²ÀÌÁö ¾ÊÀ½)
3. Áö°¢µ¿»ç¶õ ¹«¾ùÀϱî?
Áö°¢µ¿»ç(Perceptive verbs)´Â °¨°¢À¸·Î ÀνÄÇÏ´Â µ¿»çÀÔ´Ï´Ù.
´ëÇ¥ÀûÀ¸·Î see, hear, feel, watch, notice, observe µîÀÌ ÀÖ½À´Ï´Ù.
I saw him cross the street.
(³ª´Â ±×°¡ ±æÀ» °Ç³Ê´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.)
She heard someone open the door.
(±×³à´Â ´©±º°¡ ¹®À» ¿©´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Ù.)
We watched the players practice on the field.
(¿ì¸®´Â ¼±¼öµéÀÌ ¿îµ¿Àå¿¡¼ ¿¬½ÀÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁöÄѺôÙ.)
4. Áö°¢µ¿»çÀÇ ¼öµ¿ÅÂ
Áö°¢µ¿»ç°¡ ¼öµ¿Å·Π¹Ù²î¸é ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ÁÖ¾î·Î ¿À°í, µ¿»ç¿øÇü ¡æ to ºÎÁ¤»ç·Î ¹Ù²ò´Ï´Ù.
±âº» °ø½Ä
Active: ÁÖ¾î + Áö°¢µ¿»ç + ¸ñÀû¾î + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
Passive: ¸ñÀû¾î(ÁÖ¾î) + be + p.p. + to + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
(1) see ¡æ be seen to + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
Active: Many people saw him enter the building.
(¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ±×°¡ °Ç¹°¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¾Ò´Ù.)
Passive: He was seen to enter the building.
(±×°¡ °Ç¹°¿¡ µé¾î°¡´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸ñ°ÝµÇ¾ú´Ù.)
(2) hear ¡æ be heard to + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
Active: We heard her sing a song.
(¿ì¸®´Â ±×³à°¡ ³ë·¡ ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀ» µé¾ú´Ù.)
Passive: She was heard to sing a song.
(±×³à°¡ ³ë·¡ ºÎ¸£´Â °ÍÀÌ µé·È´Ù.)
(3) feel ¡æ be felt to + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
Active: I felt the house shake during the earthquake.
(³ª´Â ÁöÁø µ¿¾È ÁýÀÌ Èçµé¸®´Â °ÍÀ» ´À²¼´Ù.)
Passive: The house was felt to shake during the earthquake.
(ÁýÀÌ Èçµé¸®´Â °ÍÀÌ ´À²¸Á³´Ù.)
(4) watch ¡æ be watched to + µ¿»ç¿øÇü
Active: They watched the children play soccer.
(±×µéÀº ¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Ã౸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÁöÄѺôÙ.)
Passive: The children were watched to play soccer.
(¾ÆÀ̵éÀÌ Ã౸ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁöÄÑÁ³´Ù.)